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Cervical stenosis occurs when spaces within the cervical spine narrow, potentially placing pressure on the spinal cord and surrounding nerves. Although some individuals experience no symptoms, others develop neck pain, numbness, or discomfort extending into the shoulders, arms, and fingers. Because symptoms and underlying causes vary, providers use physical examinations and imaging tests to evaluate spinal changes and determine appropriate treatment options. Here is more information about what you need to know about symptoms and diagnosis of cervical stenosis: Understanding Causes and Symptoms Cervical stenosis often develops from age-related changes that narrow the spinal canal and place pressure on surrounding…

Mohs surgery is a precise procedure in which a surgeon removes thin layers of skin tissue one at a time. In the lab, the surgeon examines each layer under a microscope before deciding whether to continue. This helps remove cancerous areas while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. The process repeats as needed, and the appointment follows a structured sequence from start to finish. Here are some things to expect from a typical Mohs surgery visit: Preparing for Your Visit Preparation for Mohs surgery starts several days before the appointment. Your surgeon’s office provides specific instructions, and following them…

Diabetes affects circulation and nerve function throughout the body. Podiatric services help vascular surgery patients manage diabetes-related foot problems. These services include diabetic foot care, custom orthotics, wound care, and biomechanical evaluations; each one addresses a specific risk. When paired with vascular treatment, they support circulation. Here is more information on the foot problems commonly linked to diabetes and how they are managed: Diabetes-related Foot Problems Diabetes reduces blood flow to the extremities; it also damages peripheral nerves over time. This combination, known as peripheral neuropathy, often causes numbness in the feet. When sensation is lost, a patient may sustain…

Vascular disease damages the arteries that supply blood to the heart, and this damage raises the likelihood of a heart attack. Plaque buildup narrows these vessels. Because narrowed vessels restrict blood flow, a blockage can form and trigger a cardiac event. Cardiologists diagnose and manage this disease through imaging, lifestyle guidance, and targeted treatment plans that lower long-term cardiac risk. Here is more information on heart attack risk: What Is Vascular Disease? Vascular disease refers to any condition that affects the blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. A common form is atherosclerosis. In this condition, fatty deposits, which are…

Microneedling, also called collagen induction therapy, uses fine sterile needles to treat the surface of your skin. The method has existed for several decades, and dermatologists continue to study its effects on skin repair. When a provider glides the device across your face, the needles create thousands of tiny punctures. This guide explains the biology behind each stage of the treatment. Using Controlled Micro-injuries Since needle lengths range in size, providers adjust the depth for each facial area. Thin skin around the eyes typically needs shorter needles. Thicker areas like the cheeks tolerate deeper settings, so providers often increase the…

An angiologist specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting blood vessels, including circulation problems associated with high blood pressure. These specialists use diagnostic imaging, vascular assessments, and minimally invasive procedures to evaluate arterial and venous conditions. Because hypertension may contribute to vascular damage, specialists often coordinate with primary care providers to monitor circulation and manage related complications. Here is more information on how an angiologist helps manage hypertension and vascular health: Diagnosing Vascular Conditions Early An angiologist uses diagnostic imaging to evaluate blood flow and identify abnormalities affecting arteries and veins. Ultrasound examinations and other vascular studies may reveal narrowed…

Foot and ankle surgery addresses injuries ranging from fractures to tendon damage. Surgeons perform several procedures; these include fusion surgery, hammertoe correction, fracture repair, bunionectomy, and Achilles tendon repair. Minimally invasive techniques allow surgeons to treat some of these conditions through smaller incisions, which helps reduce recovery time and scarring. Here is more information on the main categories of foot and ankle surgery and the advanced techniques used for common injuries: Foot and Ankle Surgery Foot and ankle surgery refers to procedures designed to repair bones, joints, ligaments, and tendons in the lower extremities. Surgeons perform these operations to restore…

Depression affects how you think, sleep, work, and relate to others. Therapy gives you a structured space to examine these changes, and a trained clinician guides each session. When you understand the patterns behind your symptoms, you can respond to them differently. Therapy can be used alone or alongside medication. Practical Skills for Recovery Depression therapy focuses on practical tools for daily life. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps you identify unhelpful thought patterns, and it teaches you to test them against evidence. Your therapist may assign short exercises between sessions, and you review the results together so that you will…

When breakouts persist, over-the-counter washes may not offer enough support. Acne treatment has changed a great deal over the past decade. Providers now combine in-office procedures with topical and oral medications, and many plans target several causes at once. Here are some of the main options in plain terms: Antibiotics Antibiotics reduce acne-causing bacteria and calm inflammation. Topical options like clindamycin suit mild cases, while oral forms treat moderate acne. Doctors limit treatment length, and many oral courses last several months. Some dermatologists may avoid antibiotics as a standalone acne treatment. Bacteria may grow resistant over time, so providers typically…

An obstetrician-gynecologist (OBGYN) is a physician who specializes in the female reproductive system, pregnancy, and childbirth. Your OBGYN establishes a baseline for your female health, identifies changes early, and provides guidance tailored to your goals. Learn more about the role of regular visits to your OBGYN for your overall health. Overall Reproductive/Hormonal Health Hormones regulate your menstrual cycle, mood, energy levels, metabolism, bone density, and cardiovascular health. During a routine visit, your OBGYN reviews your medical history, changes in your cycle or symptoms, and performs a physical and pelvic exam as needed. Findings are compared to previous tests when applicable.…